Real Estate Laws in Cameroon Explained Simply

Here are the main texts governing real estate in Cameroon, explained in a few lines. They do not replace reading them or seeking professional advice.

Ordinance No. 74-1 of July 6, 1974, establishing the land tenure system

It divides land into private property, national domain, and public or private domain of the State, and establishes the land title as proof of ownership.

It was amended by Law No. 19 of November 26, 1983. Ordinance No. 74-2 of July 6, 1974, establishing the state property regime It governs state and local government property: what can and cannot be sold or granted. Decree No. 76-165 of April 27, 1976, and Decree No. 2005/481 of December 16, 2005 The first establishes the conditions for obtaining a land title: registration, transfer of ownership, and subdivision. The second amendment modifies it, particularly regarding the cancellation and withdrawal of titles and the processing of cases at the local level.

Law No. 80-22 of July 14, 1980 on infringements of land and state property

It punishes the occupation of land without the owner's consent and provides for the eviction of the occupant. Its implementing decree is Decree No. 84-311 of May 22, 1984.

Law No. 2004/003 of April 21, 2004, governing urban planning

This law establishes rules for land use and urban planning documentation. Any construction requires a prior building permit, and projects must be developed under the responsibility of an architect registered with the professional Order. An urban planning certificate specifies what may be built on a given plot of land.

Areas without specific legislation

We have not identified any Cameroonian law specifically dedicated to residential leases; such rentals are governed by general rules on the hiring of property (Civil Code, Articles 1713 et seq., in regions governed by civil law). In the event of a dispute with a landlord, please consult a professional.

Further information

• Land law in Cameroon
• Landlords and tenants in Cameroon